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Bioinformatics is a multidisciplinary field that combines biology, computer science, and information technology to gather, analyze, and interpret biological data. It involves the use of computational tools and algorithms to understand biological processes, study genetic information, and make sense of large datasets, such as DNA sequences.
What are some applications of bioinformatics?
Bioinformatics has various applications, including genome sequencing, drug discovery, functional genomics, comparative genomics, protein structure prediction, and personalized medicine. It aids in understanding biological systems and contributes to advancements in healthcare, agriculture, and environmental sciences.
Which is better: bioinformatics or MBBS?
The choice between bioinformatics and MBBS depends on individual interests and career goals. MBBS is for those aspiring to be medical doctors, while bioinformatics is suitable for individuals interested in using computational methods to analyze biological data and contribute to fields like genomics, proteomics, and computational biology.
Is NEET required for bioinformatics?
NEET (National Eligibility cum Entrance Test) is primarily for admission to medical and dental programs in India. It is not required for bioinformatics courses. Admissions to bioinformatics programs may have separate entrance exams or be based on other criteria, depending on the educational institution.
Is bioinformatics hard for biology students?
The difficulty of bioinformatics for biology students varies. While a background in biology is helpful, bioinformatics involves computational and statistical analyses, which might be challenging for some biology students initially. With proper training and practice, many biology students successfully transition into bioinformatics and find it rewarding.
Bioinformatics MCQ for NEET Biology with Answers
Bioinformatics MCQ: Practice the Bioinformatics MCQ for NEET Biology with answers to excel in the Biology section of the NEET 2024 examination.
Krati Saraswat5 Apr, 2024
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Bioinformatics MCQ Introduction
Bioinformatics MCQ:
Large-scale biological information must be stored, retrieved, and analyzed. This process is known as bioinformatics. The fields of biology, computer science, information engineering, mathematics, and statistics are all combined in this multidisciplinary field. Understanding how genes, cell structures, medication targets, and illnesses work may all be done using bioinformatics. For maintaining biological datasets, bioinformatics also creates techniques and software tools.
It is a part of biotechnology application which integrates the findings of biology with the advancement of technology to gain more insights into living systems and create three-dimensional models of biomolecules. In this article, we will discuss some Multiple-choice questions on bioinformatics and its applications.
Q 1. Which of the options listed below is not the purpose of a sequence comparison?
To identify any shared patterns between the two sequences.
Investigating the physical characteristics of molecules
To investigate evolutionary links
To spot conservation trends
Answer:
Option (2) is correct.
Explanation:
A comparison is necessary to determine if it is likely that two sequences originated from the same sequence. Sequence comparison is also used to determine whether sequences from the database are comparable to the sequence in question.
Q 2. In the mutation process of a genetic algorithm, _______
no changes are made to the sequence
changes are made to the sequence
gaps are not reorganized
gaps are not introduced
Answer:
Option (1) is correct.
Explanation:
In the mutation process, gaps are added and positions are adjusted in an effort to produce a more advantageous MSA. The sequence is not altered (otherwise, it would no longer be an alignment). The sequences in a particular MSA are split into two groups based on an estimated phylogenetic tree during the gap insertion phase, and gaps of random length are then added into the alignment at random locations.
Q 3. Which of the options that follow does not fall within the BLAST umbrella?
BLASTP
BLASTX
TBLASTNX
BLASTN
Answer:
Option (2) is correct.
Explanation:
The BLAST program family includes BLASTP, TBLASTN, and TBLASTX. With the use of a database of nucleotide sequences, BLASTN searches for specific sequences. Based on the BLOSUM62 matrix, the alignment scoring is created.
Q 4. In the pairwise power-based technique, a sequence of proteins is sought in a structural fold library to select the best matching structural fold utilizing ____ criteria.
energy-based
residue-based
structural-based
sequence-based
Answer:
Option (1) is correct.
Explanation:
The precise process is matching each structural fold in a fold library with the query sequence. Dynamic programming or heuristic methods are used to do the alignment essentially at the level of the sequence profile. Local alignment is frequently changed to achieve reduced energy and better fitting. Algorithms like double-dynamic programming can be used to accomplish the correction.
Q 5. Which of the following statements regarding homology modeling is false?
The evolutionary distances are not mentioned anywhere.
The underlying idea is that two proteins with a high enough degree of sequence similarity are likely to have three-dimensional structures that are quite similar to one another.
Protein structures are predicted by homology modeling based on sequence homology with existing structures.
It is also termed comparative modeling.
Answer:
Option (1) is correct.
Explanation:
Homology modeling, as its name implies, forecasts protein structures based on sequence homology with existing structures. The all-atom model generated by homology modeling is based on alignment with template proteins.
Q 6. What is the one fact about FASTA that is incorrect?
In reality, it was created before BLAST and was the first database similarity search tool.
A string of identical residues with a length of k is searched for using the "hashing" method by FASTA.
The string of residues is referred to as a "block."
Its acronym is FAST ALL
Answer:
Option (3) is correct.
Explanation:
The string of residues is referred to as ktuples, which are similar to words in BLAST but often shorter than words. Protein sequences typically consist of two residues, whereas DNA sequences typically consist of six residues.
Q 7. Which of the following statements regarding the iterative method is false?
This approach is not dependent on heuristic methods;
The order of the sequences utilized for alignment varies with each iteration.
The iterative technique is founded on the notion that an optimal solution may be discovered by continually altering existing poor solutions
This approach is likewise heuristic in nature and lacks assurances for locating the ideal alignment.
Answer:
Option (1) is correct.
Explanation:
The iterative method is based on the heuristic approaches. Starting with a low-quality alignment, the process steadily raises it through iterative realignment and well-specified protocols until no more gains in alignment scores can be made.
Q 8. Which of the following statements about sequence homology is false?
It is a crucial idea in sequence analysis.
Two sequences are considered to have homology when they share an evolutionary ancestor.
Even if two sequences do not have an origin, they might nonetheless be homologous.
Two sequences are considered to have a homologous connection if they share an evolutionary ancestor.
Answer:
Option (3) is correct.
Explanation:
Homologous connections are more definite when the sequences share an evolutionary ancestor. Sequence similarity, a closely related but distinct concept, is the proportion of aligned residues that share physiochemical characteristics including size, charge, and hydrophobicity.
Q 9. Which of the following statements about transmembrane proteins is false?
The membrane proteins are neither receptors nor drug targets,
They are of great biological value.
They carry out a range of crucial cellular processes, including signal transduction, cross-membrane transport, and energy conversion.
Makeup to 30% of all proteins in cells.
Answer:
Option (2) is correct.
Explanation:
The membrane proteins are also of great medicinal significance since pharmaceutical companies frequently use them as drug targets. Integral membrane proteins come in two different varieties: -helical type and -barrel type. Only -helices, which are present in the cytoplasmic membrane, are present in the majority of transmembrane proteins.
Q 10. Which of the following does not constitute an online resource for aligning sequence pairs?
BLASTN
BCM Search Launcher
BLASTX
SIM
Answer:
Option (3) is correct.
Explanation:
Under BLAST 2 sequence alignment, BLASTX is employed. Furthermore, two sequences can be aligned using the BLAST technique, which is often used for database similarity searches. A local similarity program, or SIM, is used to locate alternative alignments.
Q 11. Which of the factors listed below is not an advantage of BLAST?
Speed
Statistical rigor
Handling gaps
More perceptive
Answer:
Option (3) is correct.
Explanation:
Blast is known for its speed and statistical rigor. Another feature of BLAST is that it has an intuitive user interface. But it struggles with gaps. Gapped BLAST is preferable in this situation.
Q 12. Which statement regarding coils and loops is untrue?
hey have erratic structures
If the connecting sections are wholly asymmetric, they are a part of random coils.
They are conventional structures.
The loops frequently have abrupt twists or hairpin-like features.
Answer:
Option (3) is correct.
Explanation:
Residues in the loop or coil regions, which are situated on the surface of the protein structure, frequently have electric and polar charges. They are typically the evolutionarily unstable areas where mutations, insertions, and deletions commonly take place. Since these places are frequently where proteins' active sites are found, they may have functional significance.
Q 13. Of the following forms, which one is not an RNA form?
mRNA
rRNA
tRNA
qRNA
Answer:
Option (4) is correct.
Explanation:
There are three primary types of RNA, which are known to be a transporter of genetic information. They are ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, and messenger RNA, or mRNA, respectively. The three primary functions of these molecules are as follows: mRNA controls the synthesis of proteins, rRNA acts as a structural framework for ribosomes, and tRNA transports amino acids for polypeptide synthesis.
Q 14. The process of finding medications via genetic research is known as __________.
Genomics
Pharmacogenomics
Pharmacogenetics
None of the above
Answer:
Option (2) is correct.
Explanation:
The study of how the genome affects a drug's reaction is known as pharmacogenomics. It combines pharmacology with genetics, as indicated by the term "pharmaco + genomics." Pharmacogenomics investigates how a person's genetic makeup impacts how they react to medications.
Q 15. The method of determining the relative position of genes on a chromosome is known as __________.
Gene monitoring
Genome-walking
Genome mapping
Chromosome walking
Answer:
Option (3) is correct.
Explanation:
The technique of locating genes on each chromosome is known as genome mapping. It is employed to make genetic maps, which identify genes and their chromosomal locations. The technique of locating genes on chromosomes is called gene mapping.
