What is Immunology?
Immunology is the study of the immune system, which protects the body against harmful pathogens like bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It covers the types of immunity, antigen-antibody interactions, and immune responses. This topic is crucial in NEET Biology notes, as questions are frequently asked from immunological mechanisms, vaccination, and immune disorders.
Immunology Important MCQs with Explanation
Solving MCQs regularly strengthens understanding of immunology concepts and enhances recall ability during the NEET exam. The following questions with explanations will help in better comprehension and retention of key topics.
Q1. Colostrum is rich in:
- IgA antibody.
- IgG antibody.
- IgE antibody.
- IgM antibody.
Answer: A
Explanation: Colostrum is the first milk produced after childbirth and is rich in IgA antibodies, which provide passive immunity to newborns by protecting the mucosal surfaces from infections.
Q2. Choose the set of bacterial diseases:
- ascariasis, dysentery and cholera.
- diphtheria, filariasis and tuberculosis.
- plague, diphtheria and dysentery.
- common cold, amoebiasis and tuberculosis.
Answer: C
Explanation: Bacterial diseases are caused by bacteria. Plague (Yersinia pestis), diphtheria (Corynebacterium diphtheriae), and dysentery (Shigella spp.) are all bacterial infections, making option C correct
Q3. The appearance of dry, scaly lesions on various body parts, is seen in which of the following diseases?
- Filariasis
- Dysentery
- Ringworm infection
- AIDS
Answer: C
Explanation: Ringworm infection is a fungal disease caused by dermatophytes. It leads to dry, scaly lesions on various body parts, particularly in warm and moist areas.
Q4. A person’s nails and lips turn grey to bluish. Find out the disease he is suffering from and name the pathogen:
- typhoid, Salmonella typhi.
- pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae.
- amoebiasis, Entamoeba histolytica.
- filariasis, Wuchereria malayi.
Answer: B
Explanation: Pneumonia, caused by Haemophilus influenzae or Streptococcus pneumoniae, leads to symptoms like difficulty in breathing, fever, and bluish-gray discoloration of lips and nails due to inadequate oxygenation.
Q5. Saliva in the mouth and the tears from the eyes belong to ______, under innate immunity.
Choose the option which fills the blank correctly.
- cytokine barriers
- cellular barriers
- physiological barriers
- physical barriers
Answer: C
Explanation: Physiological barriers, like saliva and tears, contain lysozymes that help break down bacterial cell walls and act as the first line of defense in innate immunity.
Q6. Which of the following substances is given to cancer patients that can activate their immune system and destroy tumours?
- Serotonin
- Morphine
- α-interferons
- Histamine
Answer: C
Explanation: α-Interferons are proteins that help boost the immune system and are used in cancer therapy to activate immune cells against tumors.
Q7. What immediate adverse effects are associated with drug and alcohol abuse?
- Improved cognitive function
- Reckless behaviour, vandalism, and violence
- Enhanced social skills
- Increased academic performance
Answer: B
Explanation: Drug and alcohol abuse lead to reckless behavior, vandalism, and violence by impairing judgment, reducing self-control, and altering brain function.
Q8. Which of the following statements are correct about cancer?
I. The chemical carcinogen present in tobacco smoke is identified as a major cause of lung cancer.
II. Cellular oncogenes have been identified in normal cells and activated under certain conditions, which could lead to oncogenic transformation of the cell.
III. Techniques like CT scans and MRI are beneficial in detecting cancer of the internal organs.
IV. Antibodies against cancer-specific antigens are also used for the detection of certain cancers.
- I and II only
- I and III only
- I, II and III only
- I, II, III and IV
Answer: D
Explanation: All four statements describe cancer accurately. Tobacco smoke contains carcinogens, oncogenes can trigger cancer, imaging techniques help in diagnosis, and antibodies are used for cancer detection.
Q9. HIV decreases the natural immunity of the body by destroying:
- erythrocytes.
- monocytes.
- T-lymphocytes.
- B-lymphocytes.
Answer: C
Explanation: HIV targets and destroys T-lymphocytes (CD4 cells), weakening the immune system and making the body vulnerable to infections.
Q10. Which of the following is an autoimmune disorder?
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- AIDS
- Malaria
- Dysentery
Answer: A
Explanation: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own joints, leading to inflammation and pain.
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