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Microbiology is broadly categorized into three types: Bacteriology (study of bacteria), Virology (study of viruses), and Mycology (study of fungi). Each branch focuses on specific microorganisms and their characteristics.
Is microbiology a good career?
Yes, microbiology offers a rewarding career with diverse opportunities. Professionals can work in research, healthcare, pharmaceuticals, food industry, and environmental sectors. The field's continuous advancements make it promising for those interested in scientific exploration.
What do we study in microbiology?
Microbiology involves studying microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. Topics include microbial structure, function, genetics, ecology, and their impact on human health, industry, and the environment.
What is microbiology and its scope?
Microbiology is the study of microorganisms and their interactions with living organisms and the environment. Its scope extends to medicine, agriculture, biotechnology, food production, environmental management, and more.
What are the 2 main branches of microbiology?
The two main branches of microbiology are Medical Microbiology, focusing on the impact of microorganisms on human health, and Industrial Microbiology, dealing with the application of microbes in various industries for processes like fermentation and enzyme production.
Microbiology MCQ for NEET Biology with Answers
Microbiology MCQ: Check now the important Microbiology MCQ for NEET biology with answers by the expert faculty of PW. Solve now these MCQs.
Krati Saraswat5 Apr, 2024
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Microbiology MCQ Introduction
Microbiology MCQ:
Microbiology, the captivating realm of study that delves into the microscopic world of living organisms, represents a fascinating intersection between biology and medicine.
This field explores the diverse array of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa - entities invisible to the naked eye but possessing an awe-inspiring ability to shape our lives in unimaginable ways. By meticulously scrutinizing these minuscule creatures through advanced laboratory techniques and cutting-edge technologies, microbiologists unravel their complex mechanisms and decipher their profound impact on various ecosystems.
With equal parts curiosity and meticulousness, these scientists examine how microbes interact with one another within communities or adapt to changing environments over time. They delve into understanding microbial genetics and evolution - uncovering astonishing insights about resistance mechanisms against antibiotics or searching for novel therapeutic targets in combating infectious diseases.
Furthermore, Microbiology plays an instrumental role in food safety by ensuring quality control measures are met during production processes while safeguarding human health from harmful pathogens lurking within our meals.
Through its interdisciplinary nature encompassing immunology, ecology, biochemistry, and public health epidemiology, this discipline forms an essential cornerstone for advancements across multiple sectors, including healthcare diagnostics & treatments development and environmental sustainability efforts worldwide. Explore this intriguing world where even the tiniest beings possess immense power to shape biological systems!
Q 1. Among these bacterial components, which is least likely to contain valuable antigens?
Cell wall
Flagella
Ribosomes
Capsule
Answer-
c, Ribosomes
Explanation:
Ribosomes are the least likely to contain useful antigens as they are not directly involved in bacterial interactions with the environment. The cell wall, flagella, and capsule can all be used by bacteria to interact with their environment and may contain helpful antigens.
Q 2. N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine can be found in which of the following structures?
Mycoplasmas
Amoeba
Ecoli
Spheroplast
Answer-
c, Ecoli
Explanation:
The peptidoglycan, which surrounds the E. coli cell wall, is composed of these two sugar molecules in a repeating pattern. This layer helps to hold the bacterial shape and acts as a protective barrier against other microbes and environmental factors.
Q 3. Gram-negative bacteria are associated with endotoxin because of
Steroids
Peptidoglycan
Lipopolysaccharides
Polypeptide
Answer-
c, Lipopolysaccharides
Explanation:
Lipopolysaccharides are a component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria, which binds with endotoxins. Endotoxins are also highly toxic; therefore, their association with gram-negative bacteria is due to the presence of lipopolysaccharides in their cell wall.
Q 4. Is there a biocontrol agent that can be used to treat plant diseases?
Lactobacillus
Trichoderma
Chlorella
Anabaena
Answer-
b, Trichoderma
Explanation:
Lactobacillus is a bacteria commonly found in fermented foods and dairy products. Certain strains of Lactobacillus have been shown to have beneficial effects on plant health by suppressing the growth of plant pathogens or stimulating the plant's defense mechanisms.
Trichoderma is a genus of fungi that is known for its biocontrol properties. Several species of Trichoderma can colonize plant roots and inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi through mechanisms such as competition for resources, production of antifungal compounds, and stimulation of plant defense responses.
Chlorella and Anabaena, on the other hand, are not typically used as biocontrol agents in the treatment of plant diseases. Chlorella is a type of green algae often used as a nutritional supplement or in wastewater treatment.
Anabaena is a genus of cyanobacteria that can form symbiotic relationships with certain plants, but its use as a biocontrol agent is uncommon.
Q 5. In an integrated pest management program, a biocontrol agent should be....
species-specific and symbiotic
free-living and broad-spectrum
narrow spectrum and symbiotic
species-specific and inactive on non-target organisms
Answer-
d, species-specific and inactive on non-target organisms
Explanation:
Integrated pest management is a multi-faceted approach used to control pests while minimizing environmental damage. When selecting an agent for IPM, it must be species-specific and meet one further requirement - it should be inactive or have minimal effect on non-target organisms. This will prevent the unintended destruction of beneficial creatures, preserving the stability of the ecosystem.
Q 6. Among the following pairs of microbes, which pair contains both microbes that can be used as biofertilizers?
Aspergillus and Rhizopus
Rhizobium and Rhizopus
Cyanobacteria and Rhizobium
Aspergillus and Cyanobacteria
Answer-
c, Cyanobacteria and Rhizobium
Explanation:
Among the pairs of microbes listed, the pair that has both microbes that can be used as biofertilizers are "Cyanobacteria and Rhizobium."
Blue-green algae, also called cyanobacteria, are photosynthetic bacteria capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen into a form that plants can use. Through nitrogen fixation, they can form a symbiotic relationship with certain plants, providing them with nitrogen.
Rhizobium is a genus of nitrogen-fixing bacteria that forms symbiotic associations with leguminous plants. These bacteria infect the root nodules of the host plant and convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that can be utilized by the plant. This mutualistic relationship benefits both the bacteria and the plant, as the plant receives a reliable nitrogen source, and the bacteria receive nutrients from the plant.
Q 7. Which is a gram-positive eubacterium?
Actinomyces
Clostridium
Rhizobium
Clostridium, Actinomyces
Answer-
d, Clostridium, Actinomyces
Explanation:
The correct answer is d. Clostridium, Actinomyces. Gram-positive eubacteria are a group of bacteria with a cell wall that contains a thick layer of peptidoglycan and is stained purple by the Gram stain test. Clostridium and Actinomyces are both examples of gram-positive eubacteria.
Q 8. Which of the following microorganisms does not cause urinary tract infections?
Proteus mirabilis
Escherichia coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Bacteroides fragilis
Answer-
d, Bacteroides fragilis
Explanation:
Bacteroides fragilis is an anaerobic bacteria commonly found in the human gut and does not cause urinary tract infections. Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae can all cause urinary tract infections if present in the urinary tract.
Q 9. Which of the following is diagnosed by serologic means?
Actinomycosis
Q-fever
Pulmonary tuberculosis
Gonorrhea
Answer-
b, Q - fever
Explanation:
Among the options provided, the correct answer is b. Q-fever.
Q-fever is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacteria Coxiella burnetii. Serologic testing can be used to diagnose Q-fever by detecting antibodies produced in response to the infection. Blood samples from the patient are tested to detect the presence and quantity of specific antibodies against Coxiella burnetii. Serologic tests such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) are commonly used for Q-fever diagnosis.
Actinomycosis, pulmonary tuberculosis, and gonorrhea are typically diagnosed using different methods, such as clinical evaluation, culture, nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), or microscopic examination. Serologic testing is not commonly used for the diagnosis of these conditions.
Q 10. Diarrhoea is not caused by
Shigella dysenteriae
Streptococcus pyogenes
Clostridium difficile
Salmonella enteriditis
Answer-
b, Streptococcus pyogenes.
Explanation:
Streptococcus pyogenes is not a common cause of diarrhea. It is primarily associated with infections such as strep throat, skin infections, and invasive diseases like cellulitis or necrotizing fasciitis. While Streptococcus pyogenes can cause gastrointestinal symptoms in some cases, diarrhea is not a characteristic symptom of this bacterial infection.
Q 11._________does not correspond to an ammonia-oxidizing bacteria.
Nitrosococcus Oceanus
Nitrospina Gracilis
Nitrosomonas Europaea
Nitrosovibrio Tenuis
Answer-
d, Nitrosovibrio Tenuis
Explanation:
Nitrosovibrio tenuis does not correspond to an ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. Nitrosococcus oceanus, Nitrospina gracilis, and Nitrosomonas europaea are all commonly known as ammonia-oxidizing bacteria.
Q 12. A microorganism that is eliminated in canned foods is.
Clostridium botulinum
Lactobacillus
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Coxiella burnetii
Answer-
a, Clostridium botulinum.
Explanation:
Clostridium botulinum is a microorganism that produces toxins in food, which can be lethal if consumed, so it must be eliminated through the canning process. This process involves heating the food up to high temperatures, which destroys the organism and its toxins.
Q 13. Which one of the following corresponds to the bacteria that has clusters of flagella at both the poles of cells?
Lophotrichous
Peritrichous
Amphitrichous
Monotrichous
Answer-
c, Amphitrichous.
Explanation:
Amphitrichous bacteria have clusters of flagella at both poles of their cells. This means that they have multiple flagella, which are whip-like appendages responsible for bacterial motility, located at both ends of the bacterial cell. The term "amphi" in amphitrichous refers to "both" or "at both ends."
Q 14. ______is a Spirochetes.
Treponema Pallidum
Streptomyces sp.
Corynebacterium Diphtheriae
Spirillum Volutans
Answer-
a, Treponema Pallidum.
Explanation:
As a member of the phylum Spirochaetes, Treponema pallidum belongs to the category Spirochaetes. Spirochaetes are characterized by their helical or spiral-shaped morphology and unique motility. Due to their spiral shape, they appear like corkscrews under a microscope. It is known that syphilis is caused by Treponema pallidum, a sexually transmitted infection that can develop various clinical manifestations if left untreated.
Q 15. Which of the following types of microorganisms is photosynthetic?
yeast
virus
helminth
alga
Answer-
d, Alga
Explanation:
Algae are photosynthetic, meaning that they use light to produce oxygen and energy from water and carbon dioxide. Yeast and viruses are not photosynthetic, while helminths (parasitic worms) do not have the necessary chloroplasts for photosynthesis.
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