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Q1. What is Nalanda University known for historically?
Ans. Nalanda University was renowned in ancient times as a center of learning and Buddhist philosophy, attracting scholars and students from across Asia. It offered a wide array of disciplines including Buddhist studies, fine arts, medicine, mathematics, astronomy, and politics.
Q2. How was Nalanda University revived in modern times?
Ans. Revived by an Act of the Parliament of India, Nalanda University aims to restore its ancient legacy as an international institution for intellectual pursuits. Established near the ancient ruins, the university offers postgraduate and doctoral programs in disciplines such as Buddhist studies, philosophy, environmental studies, and international relations.
Q3. What is the significance of the new campus of Nalanda University?
Ans. The new campus, inaugurated in recent years, spans 455 acres and is designed as a 'Net Zero Green Campus'. It incorporates elements inspired by the original Nalanda Mahavihara and includes water bodies, solar plants, a yoga center, a library, and modern facilities for academic and recreational purposes.
Q4. Which countries participate in Nalanda University's endeavors?
Ans. Nalanda University collaborates with 17 participating countries including Australia, China, Japan, Singapore, and Sri Lanka, among others. This international collaboration enriches academic and cultural exchange, reflecting the university's global outlook.
Q5. What academic programs are offered at Nalanda University today?
Ans. The university offers programs in Buddhist studies, philosophy & comparative religions, ecology & environmental studies, sustainable development, international relations, and peace studies. It aims to prepare students for global challenges while preserving the traditions of ancient learning.
Nalanda University Campus, Inauguration, History, Significance
Revived as a modern institution, Nalanda University in Bihar, India, is dedicated to fostering academic excellence and cultural exchange. Know about Nalanda University in detail here.
Nigam Sharma9 Jul, 2024
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Nalanda university:
Nalanda University, located near Rajgir in Bihar, India, is a modern reincarnation of the ancient Nalanda Mahavihara, which was one of the world's first residential universities and a renowned center of learning between the 5th and 12th centuries. The new Nalanda University aims to revive this historical legacy by becoming a hub for intellectual, philosophical, historical, and spiritual studies. In this article we will learn about Nalanda University in detail.
Inauguration of Modern Nalanda University
The new campus of Nalanda University was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The event marked a significant milestone in reviving the ancient university's legacy. The inauguration was attended by dignitaries including Bihar Governor Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar, Chief Minister Nitish Kumar, External Affairs Minister Dr. S. Jaishankar, MoS for External Affairs Pabitra Margherita, and University Chancellor Prof. Aravind Panagariya.
During the ceremony, Narendra Modi also planted a Bodhi tree sapling, symbolizing Buddhist heritage and Indian spirituality. Located near the ancient Nalanda ruins, the modern Nalanda University was established by an Act of Parliament to revive the historic institution's intellectual, philosophical, historical, and spiritual legacy.
The Nalanda University Act, inspired by decisions from the 2nd East Asia Summit (Philippines, 2007) and the 4th East Asia Summit (Thailand, 2009), was passed in 2010. Under Prime Minister Modi's direction, construction of the campus began in 2017, aligning with India’s 'Act East' Policy.\
The project involves 17 other countries, including Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, and China, whose ambassadors attended the inauguration. The new 455-acre campus features architecture inspired by ancient Nalanda, a ‘Net Zero Green Campus’ with extensive water bodies, an on-grid solar plant, water treatment and recycling facilities, and significant green cover. It also houses a 250-capacity Yoga Center, a state-of-the-art auditorium, a library, an archival center, and a fully equipped sports complex.
Nalanda University focuses on higher education and research, offering postgraduate and doctoral programs in areas such as Buddhist studies, philosophy, ecology, sustainable development, and international relations. Currently, students from over 20 countries, including India, are enrolled in various courses at the university.
Historical Significance of Nalanda University
Nalanda University holds a profound historical significance as one of the most prestigious centers of learning in ancient India and indeed, the entire world. Situated near present-day Rajgir in Bihar, India, Nalanda was a vibrant hub of intellectual and cultural exchange that flourished for centuries.
Academic Excellence and Scope:
Founded in the 5th century CE during the Gupta dynasty, Nalanda quickly rose to prominence under the patronage of rulers like Kumaragupta I. The university became synonymous with Buddhist studies, attracting scholars and students from all over Asia, including China, Korea, Japan, Tibet, Mongolia, Sri Lanka, and Southeast Asian countries. However, Nalanda was not solely focused on Buddhist teachings; it offered a comprehensive curriculum that encompassed a wide array of subjects. These included philosophy, fine arts, linguistics, medicine, mathematics, astronomy, politics, and the Vedas, making it a comprehensive center of learning and research.
Architectural Marvel and Academic Infrastructure:
Nalanda University was not just an academic institution but also an architectural marvel. The sprawling campus consisted of numerous monasteries, libraries, lecture halls, meditation halls, and stupas. The most notable structure was the nine-storeyed library, known as Dharmaganja, which housed thousands of manuscripts and served as a repository of knowledge from various disciplines. The university's architecture and infrastructure were designed to foster an environment conducive to scholarly pursuits and spiritual growth.
Decline and Destruction:
Despite its illustrious history, Nalanda faced its decline and eventual destruction in the 12th century. In 1193 CE, the university was sacked and destroyed by the army of Bakhtiyar Khilji, a Turkish Muslim conqueror. The invasion led to the devastation of the campus, destruction of its libraries, and dispersal of its scholars and monks. Subsequently, Nalanda fell into ruins, and its once-thriving academic community dispersed.
Revival Efforts and Modern Nalanda University:
The ruins of Nalanda lay forgotten and buried for centuries until modern efforts began to revive its legacy. In 2006, the Government of India initiated the revival of Nalanda University as a modern international institution of higher learning and research. The project was supported by the East Asia Summit (EAS) countries, reflecting its significance as a symbol of Asian unity and cooperation in education.
Nalanda University Campus Design and Facilities
The 455-acre campus of Nalanda University is designed to reflect the architectural elements of the ancient Nalanda Mahavihara. It is a 'Net Zero Green Campus,' featuring over 100 acres of water bodies, an on-grid solar plant, and facilities for water treatment and recycling. The campus includes a Yoga Center, a state-of-the-art auditorium, a library, an archival center, and a fully equipped sports complex.
Academic Programs offered by Nalanda University
Nalanda University offers a range of postgraduate and doctoral programs focused on higher education and research. The programs include:
Buddhist Studies, Philosophy, and Comparative Religions:
Focusing on the rich heritage of Buddhism and its contemporary relevance.
Languages and Literature:
Exploring linguistic studies and literary traditions from various cultures.
Ecology and Environmental Studies:
Addressing global environmental challenges and sustainable development.
Sustainable Development and Environment:
Promoting sustainable practices and environmental stewardship.
International Relations and Peace Studies:
Preparing students to engage with global political dynamics and peacebuilding efforts.
Student Body and Enrollment
Nalanda University boasts a diverse student body, with students from over 20 countries enrolled in its various courses. This international mix fosters a rich cultural exchange and a global perspective on learning.
Future Prospects
Nalanda University aims to become a leading global institution, building on its ancient legacy to address contemporary challenges. With its focus on interdisciplinary studies, sustainable development, and international cooperation, the university is poised to make significant contributions to higher education and global discourse.
Nalanda University stands as a testament to the enduring legacy of one of the world's oldest centers of learning. By blending ancient wisdom with modern education, it aspires to become a beacon of knowledge, culture, and sustainable development, attracting scholars and students from around the world to contribute to its mission of intellectual and spiritual growth.
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