Part A:
Cell Biology, Genetics, Evolution and Systematics, Biochemistry, Physiology and Embryology.
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Systematics, Cell Biology, Genetics, and Evolution.
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Cell division, mitosis, spindle and chromosome motions, meiosis, and the structure of the nucleus, plasma membrane mitochondria, golgi bodies, endo, plasmic reticulum, and ribosomes are all covered in the field of cell biology.
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Gene structure and function The Watson-Crick model incorporates DNA replication, genetic code, protein synthesis, cell development, sex determination, and chromosomes.
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Mendelian rules of inheritance, recombinations, multiple alleles, linkage and linkage maps, natural and induced mutations, mutation and evolution, meiosis, Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes: Regulation of Gene Expression; Polyploidy; Chromosome Number and Form; Cytoplasmic Inheritance. Genes and diseases, normal and abnormal karyotypes, biochemical genetics, and aspects of human genetics. Eugenics.
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The origin of life, the development of evolutionary theory, and evolution and systematics Lamarck's contributions. The origins and characteristics of the organic variety, Darwin and his works, By natural selection, The Hardy-Weinberg law Shadowy and foreboding color imitation, separating out the roles of the mechanisms. Insular fauna: the notion of species and subspecies; international code; principles of classification; nomenclature used in zoology. fossils, the horse, elephant, and camel phylogeny's outline in the geological cras, The beginnings and development of humanity concepts and hypotheses pertaining to animal dispersion between continents, world's zoogeographical regions.
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Part B:
Biochemistry, Physiology and Embryology
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The structure of proteins, lipids, amino acids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids is covered in biochemistry. Krebs Cycle and Glycolysis, reduction and oxidation, phosphorylation by oxidation, Conserving energy and releasing ATP, Cyclic AMP, Cholesterol, Steroid hormones, and saturated and unsaturated fatty acids kind of enzymes, The way that erythema acts, Immunity, and immunoglobulins, nutrients, and enzymes, The biosynthesis, classification, and actions of hormones.
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Physiology, specifically as it relates to mammal blood's composition, Human blood types, coagulation, and Transport of carbon dioxide and oxygen Blood globin. The control of breathing, development of urine and the nephron Acid-Base homeostasis and balance, human temperature regulation, axon conduction across synapses, Vision, hearing, and other receptors, neurotransmitters, types of muscles, skeletal muscle ultrastructure, and skeletal muscle contraction mechanism, The function of the intestinal glands, liver pancreas, and salivary glands.
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Embryology: Gametogenesis, fertilization, egg types, cleavage, and the development of Branchiostoma, Frog, and Chick until gastrulation, The Frog and Chick fate maps. Frog Metamorphosis Chick Extra Embryonic Membrane Formation and Destiny Amnion Formation. Mammal placenta types and allantois Placenta's Role in Mammals: Organizers, Genetic regulation of development and regeneration. organogenesis of vertebrate embryos: heart, kidney, sensory organs, and central nervous system. The implications of aging on humans.
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