Cash Basis of Accounting is one of the most common accounting approaches, which records revenues and costs as they are paid or received in cash.
In other words, when money is transferred between the two parties engaged in a transaction, the cash foundation of accounting instantly recognizes the costs paid and revenues generated.
The accrual basis of accounting is an alternative technique for documenting transactions, under which income is recognized when received and costs are recorded when obligations are assumed or assets are used, regardless of any cash inflows or outflows.
Cash Basis of Accounting Meaning
The cash basis of accounting, often known as cash accounting, is used in financial record-keeping, where transactions are recognized and recorded when actual cash is received or paid out. This approach recognizes revenue only when payment is received, and expenses are recorded when cash is disbursed to cover them.
This method is relatively simple and is commonly employed by small businesses and individuals for its ease of use.
What is the Accrual Basis of Accounting?
Accrual basis accounting is a method used to report finances where transactions are recognized and recorded as they occur, regardless of when currency is exchanged. In this technique, income is recognized when it is collected, and costs are recorded when they are incurred, even if payment has not been received or paid at the time.
This technique gives a more complete assessment of a company's financial status since it represents cash transactions and the breadth of economic operations. It helps match revenue and expenses in the period they are related to, resulting in a more accurate representation of profitability and financial health.
Cash Basis of Accounting Vs. Accrual Basis of Accounting
These two methods differ in how they recognize and record revenue and expenses. Below, we have provided a comparison of the two approaches in tabular form:
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Aspect
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Cash Basis of Accounting
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Accrual Basis of Accounting
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Recognition of Revenue
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Recorded when cash is received
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Recorded when earned, regardless of cash receipt
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Recognition of Expenses
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Recorded when cash is paid
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Recorded when incurred, irrespective of cash outlay
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Matching of Revenue and Expenses
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May not match revenue and expenses accurately with related periods
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Ensures revenue and expenses are matched with the period in which they occur, providing a more accurate financial picture
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Complexity of Record-Keeping
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Simpler and more straightforward
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More complex due to the need to track non-cash transactions and obligations
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Conformity with GAAP
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Generally not in line with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)
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Conforms to GAAP, which is typically required for larger businesses and financial reporting
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Financial Decision-making
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Provides a less complete and potentially misleading financial overview
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Offers a more comprehensive and accurate view of a company's financial health, aiding better decision-making
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Suitability
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Often preferred by small businesses for its simplicity
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Typically favored by larger businesses and those needing precise financial reporting
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Advantages of Cash Basis of Accounting
The cash basis of accounting offers certain advantages, particularly for small businesses and individuals. Below are the key advantages of using this accounting method:
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Simplicity and ease of use
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Accurate reflection of cash flow
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Reduced complexity in record-keeping
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Suitable for small businesses and individuals
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Immediate recognition of cash transactions
Disadvantages of Cash Basis of Accounting
While the cash basis of accounting has its advantages, it also comes with certain disadvantages that can limit its utility in certain situations. Here are the key disadvantages:
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Inaccurate representation of long-term financial health
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Difficulty in matching revenue and expenses
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Potential for income manipulation
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Incompatibility with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)
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Limited suitability for larger businesses
Application of Cash Basis of Accounting
Micro and Mini Businesses that only deal in cash mostly employ the cash foundation of accounting since it is easier to keep track of cash transactions.
Here are a few companies that use the cash foundation of accounting.
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Companies that refuse to consider credit cards
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A partnership or sole proprietorship without an obligation to disclose financial accounts for audit.
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A company with a relatively small employment base.
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The company that doesn't have any inventory
Cash Basis of Accounting Formula
Here's the formula for calculating net income using the cash basis accounting:
Net Income (Cash Basis) = Total Cash Receipts - Total Cash Payments
Cash Basis of Accounting Examples
Example 1:
Sole Proprietorship Income Statement
Total Cash Sales: ₹10,000
Cash Expenses (e.g., rent, utilities, salaries): ₹4,000
Cash Payments for Supplies: ₹2,000
Using the formula:
Net Income (Cash Basis) =
₹10,000 (Cash Sales) - ₹4,000 (Cash Expenses) - ₹2,000 (Cash Payments for Supplies) = ₹4,000
So, the net income on a cash basis for this sole proprietorship is ₹4,000.
Example 2:
Small Business Cash Flow
Cash Receipts from Customers: ₹15,000
Cash Payments to Suppliers: ₹6,000
Cash Payments for Loan Interest: ₹500
Additional Capital Infusion: ₹2,000
Using the formula:
Net Income (Cash Basis) =
₹15,000 (Cash Receipts) - ₹6,000 (Cash Payments to Suppliers) - ₹500 (Interest Expense) + ₹2,000 (Capital Infusion) = ₹10,500
