Glycerol Formula - Physical Properties, Chemical Properties

Glycerol formula , or glycerine, is a versatile compound that serves various purposes in different industries. It is classified as a polyol, containing multiple groups of hydroxyls in its chemical structure. With three hydroxyl groups bound to carbon atoms, it consists of 3 Carbon atoms, 3 Oxygen atoms, and 8 Hydrogen atoms. Its formula is represented through both structural and extended forms. In certain lipids, the glycerol backbone is present, which is known as triglycerides.

What is Glycerol?

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Glycerol's Occurrence

Glycerol Structural Formula

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The Structure of Glycerol Formula

Glycerol's Preparation

Physical Properties of Glycerol

• It is a clear, colorless, and very viscous liquid, similar to a syrup.
• In addition, its melting point is −20oC and the sublimation point is −290oC.
• Its density is 1.250 g/mL−1 and it is highly hygroscopic.
• Glycerol is soluble in water and is combustible but does not ignite easily.

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Chemical Properties of Glycerol

• Having three hydroxyl groups makes it a triol.
• Due to the presence of these groups, it is highly soluble in water and other polar protic solvents since it can form hydrogen bonds.
• As well, the hydroxyl group contributes to its hygroscopic characteristics.
• Moreover, glycerol present in lipid tissues plays a significant role in the biosynthesis of triglycerides, as it is mediated by various enzymes such as glycerol kinase.

Uses of Glycerol

• This substance has various uses in different fields.
• serves as an emollient and hydrant in pharmaceutical and personal care products, such as glycerin soaps and laxatives.
• Laboratories working with molecular biology also frequently utilize it to prepare polyacrylamide electrophoresis gels for proteins.
• Additionally, it functions as a preservation cryo-agent for storing biosamples.
• In the food industry, it serves a dual purpose as both a sweetener and preservative, often used as a substitute for sugar due to its lower calorie content.
• Furthermore, it has applications as an anti-freeze for cars and in the production of explosive components like trinitroglycerin.

Glycerol Health and Safety Hazards