Palm Oil Reading Answers with IELTS Passage

Palm Oil Reading Answers: The Palm Oil passage is a commonly featured topic in the IELTS Academic Reading test. It explores the global demand for palm oil, its environmental impact, and sustainable solutions. This passage is ideal for testing your skills in matching information, multiple-choice questions, and sentence completion. Understanding how to identify key facts and interpret arguments in this type of reading material is essential for achieving a high band score in IELTS Reading.

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Palm Oil Reading Answers Passage

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on the Reading Passage below.

Palm Oil

A Palm oil is an edible oil derived from the fruit of the African oil palm tree, and is currently the most consumed vegetable oil in the world. It’s almost certainly in the soap we wash with in the morning, the sandwich we have for lunch, and the biscuits we snack on during the day. Why is palm oil so attractive for manufacturers? Primarily because its unique properties – such as remaining solid at room temperature – make it an ideal ingredient for long-term preservation, allowing many packaged foods on supermarket shelves to have ‘best before’ dates of months, even years, into the future.

B Many farmers have seized the opportunity to maximise the planting of oil palm trees. Between 1990 and 2012, the global land area devoted to growing oil palm trees grew from 6 to 17 million hectares, now accounting for around ten percent of total cropland in the entire world. From a mere two million tonnes of palm oil being produced annually globally 50 years ago, there are now around 60 million tonnes produced every single year, a figure looking likely to double or even triple by the middle of the century.

C However, there are multiple reasons why conservationists cite the rapid spread of oil palm plantations as a major concern. There are countless news stories of deforestation, habitat destruction and dwindling species populations, all as a direct result of land clearing to establish oil palm tree monoculture on an industrial scale, particularly in Malaysia and Indonesia. Endangered species – most famously the Sumatran orangutan, but also rhinos, elephants, tigers, and numerous other fauna – have suffered from the unstoppable spread of oil palm plantations.

D ‘Palm oil is surely one of the greatest threats to global biodiversity,’ declares Dr Farnon Ellwood of the University of the West of England, Bristol. ‘Palm oil is replacing rainforest, and rainforest is where all the species are. That’s a problem.’ This has led to some radical questions among environmentalists, such as whether consumers should try to boycott palm oil entirely.
Meanwhile Bhavani Shankar, Professor at London’s School of Oriental and African Studies, argues, ‘It’s easy to say that palm oil is the enemy and we should be against it. It makes for a more dramatic story, and it’s very intuitive. But given the complexity of the argument, I think a much more nuanced story is closer to the truth.’

E One response to the boycott movement has been the argument for the vital role palm oil plays in lifting many millions of people in the developing world out of poverty. Is it desirable to have palm oil boycotted, replaced, eliminated from the global supply chain, given how many low-income people in developing countries depend on it for their livelihoods? How best to strike a utilitarian balance between these competing factors has become a serious bone of contention.

F Even the deforestation argument isn’t as straightforward as it seems. Oil palm plantations produce at least four and potentially up to ten times more oil per hectare than soybean, rapeseed, sunflower or other competing oils. That immensely high yield – which is predominantly what makes it so profitable – is potentially also an ecological benefit. If ten times more palm oil can be produced from a patch of land than any competing oil, then ten times more land would need to be cleared in order to produce the same volume of oil from that competitor.
As for the question of carbon emissions, the issue really depends on what oil palm trees are replacing. Crops vary in the degree to which they sequester carbon – in other words, the amount of carbon they capture from the atmosphere and store within the plant. The more carbon a plant sequesters, the more it reduces the effect of climate change. As Shankar explains: ‘[Palm oil production] actually sequesters more carbon in some ways than other alternatives. […] Of course, if you’re cutting down virgin forest it’s terrible – that’s what’s happening in Indonesia and Malaysia, it’s been allowed to get out of hand. But if it’s replacing rice, for example, it might actually sequester more carbon.’

G The industry is now regulated by a group called the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO), consisting of palm growers, retailers, product manufacturers, and other interested parties. Over the past decade or so, an agreement has gradually been reached regarding standards that producers of palm oil have to meet in order for their product to be regarded as officially ‘sustainable’. The RSPO insists upon no virgin forest clearing, transparency and regular assessment of carbon stocks, among other criteria. Only once these requirements are fully satisfied is the oil allowed to be sold as certified sustainable palm oil (CSPO). Recent figures show that the RSPO now certifies around 12 million tonnes of palm oil annually, equivalent to roughly 21 percent of the world’s total palm oil production.

H There is even hope that oil palm plantations might not need to be such sterile monocultures, or ‘green deserts’, as Ellwood describes them. New research at Ellwood’s lab hints at one plant which might make all the difference. The bird’s nest fern (Asplenium nidus) grows on trees in an epiphytic fashion (meaning it’s dependent on the tree only for support, not for nutrients), and is native to many tropical regions, where as a keystone species it performs a vital ecological role.
Ellwood believes that reintroducing the bird’s nest fern into oil palm plantations could potentially allow these areas to recover their biodiversity, providing a home for all manner of species, from fungi and bacteria, to invertebrates such as insects, amphibians, reptiles and even mammals.

Also Read: 

• IELTS Reading Tips And Strategies

• IELTS Listening Tips

• IELTS Writing Tips

• IELTS Speaking Tips And Tricks

Palm Oil Reading Answers Sample Questions 

IELTS Reading Matching Information (Questions 1–7)

Match each statement with the correct section (A–H). You may use any letter more than once.

1. A plant that could help improve biodiversity in oil palm plantations
2. A reason why palm oil is preferred in food manufacturing
3. A comparison of palm oil’s yield with other oils
4. A concern about threats to wildlife habitats
5. An example of certified sustainable practices in the industry
6. A viewpoint that boycotting palm oil is too simplistic
7. A reference to the economic benefits for people in poorer countries

IELTS Reading Multiple-Choice Questions (Questions 8–9)

8. What is the main point made by Bhavani Shankar in the passage?
A. Consumers should completely avoid using palm oil
B. Oil palm plantations are causing irreversible environmental damage
C. The issue of palm oil is more complex than it seems
D. The global demand for palm oil will decline soon

9. Why might oil palm production be considered better for the environment than other crops?
A. It uses less water than rice
B. It allows deforested areas to regrow faster
C. It absorbs more carbon than any other plant
D. It produces significantly more oil per hectare

IELTS Reading Sentence Completion (Questions 10–13)

Complete the sentences below using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage.

10. Palm oil stays __________ at room temperature, making it ideal for food products.
11. Oil palm trees currently occupy around ten percent of the world’s __________.
12. The __________ is a group that ensures palm oil meets sustainability standards.
13. The bird’s nest fern supports biodiversity by serving as a __________ species.

Guidance to PW