Bihar Board Class 12 Economics Syllabus 2025-26

Unit-Wise Breakdown of Bihar Board Class 12 Economics Syllabus, 2025-26

The syllabus is divided into two broad sections. Each section contains various units that cover important economic theories and their practical applications.

Part A Introductory Microeconomics (92 Periods)

Unit 1 Introduction (10 Periods)

What is Microeconomics?

• Definition, scope, and importance

Central Problems of an Economy

• What to produce? How to produce? For whom to produce?

Production Possibility Curve (PPC)

• Concept, diagram, and opportunity cost

Unit 2 Consumer Behaviour and Demand (25 Periods)

Consumer’s Equilibrium

• Utility approach (single & two-commodity cases)

Demand Analysis

• Law of demand, demand curve shifts

Price Elasticity of Demand

• Percentage, total expenditure, and geometric methods

Unit 3 Producer Behaviour and Supply (37 Periods)

Production Function

• Returns to factor vs. returns to scale

Cost Concepts

• Fixed, variable, total, average, and marginal costs

Revenue Concepts

• Total, average, and marginal revenue

Producer’s Equilibrium

• Cost vs. revenue approach

Unit 4 Forms of Market & Price Determination (20 Periods)

Market Structures

• Perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition

Price Determination

• Equilibrium under perfect competition

Unit 5 Applications of Demand-Supply (Optional)

Real-world issues

• Price floors, ceilings, rationing

Part B Introductory Macroeconomics (116 Periods)

Also Check: Bihar Board Class 12 Business Studies Syllabus 2025-26

Unit 6 National Income & Related Aggregates (30 Periods)

GDP, GNP, NNP

• Market price vs. factor cost

Circular Flow of Income

• 2-sector & 3-sector models

Measurement Methods

• Income, expenditure, and value-added approaches

Unit 7 Income & Employment (25 Periods)

• Aggregate Demand & Supply
• Consumption & Saving Propensities
• Investment Multiplier Effect
• Excess & Deficient Demand

Unit 8 Money & Banking (11 Periods)

• Functions of Money
• RBI & Credit Control
• Inflation Types: Demand-pull vs. cost-push

Unit 9 Government Budget (10 Periods)

• Budget Components
• Fiscal Deficit Types
• Balanced vs. Deficit Budget

Unit 10 International Trade (10 Periods)

• Balance of Payments (BoP)
• Foreign Exchange Rates: Fixed vs. flexible systems

Part C Project Work (30 Marks)

Also Check: Bihar Board Class 12 Accountancy Syllabus 2025-26

Objectives

• Apply economic theories to real-world scenarios
• Develop research & analytical skills

Suggested Topics

1. Consumption patterns in local communities
2. Impact of inflation on household budgets
3. Role of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) in rural credit

Evaluation Criteria

• Research & Data Collection (10 Marks)
• Analysis & Interpretation (10 Marks)
• Presentation & Viva (10 Marks)

Why the Bihar Board Class 12 Economics Syllabus, 2025-26 Matters?

The Bihar Board Class 12 Economics Syllabus, 2025-26 is not just about theoretical concepts but also emphasizes real-world applications. It prepares students for competitive exams like UPSC, BPSC, and CUET, while also equipping them with analytical skills for careers in finance, policy-making, and research.

With a structured approach to micro and macroeconomic theories, Indian economic policies, and statistical tools, the Bihar Board Class 12 Economics Syllabus, 2025-26 ensures a holistic understanding of the subject.

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