Asthma - Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Types & Treatment

May 16, 2023, 16:45 IST

Asthma: An Overview

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, making it difficult to breathe. In this condition airways narrow and produce extra mucus that makes breathing difficult.

Asthma attacks all age groups but often starts in childhood.

Asthma Symptoms

Asthma symptoms are typically not severe. however, it can be life-threatening if neglected. common symptoms of asthma are:

• Cough.
• Whistling sound when breathing.
• Swollen airways.
• Mucus.
• Fatigue.
• Difficulty in talking.
• Shortness of breath.
• Blue fingernails or lips.
• Sweaty, pale face.

Asthma Causes

• Genetics: Asthma can run in families, suggesting a genetic component to its development.
• Environmental triggers: Exposure to certain environmental factors such as air pollution, cigarette smoke, dust mites, pet dander, and mold can trigger asthma symptoms.
• Infections: Respiratory infections, such as the common cold or flu, can worsen asthma symptoms.
• Allergies: Many people with asthma have allergies, and exposure to allergens like pollen, pet dander, or dust mites can trigger asthma symptoms.
• Physical activity: Physical activity can cause bronchoconstriction, leading to asthma symptoms.
• Stress: Emotional stress can trigger asthma symptoms, causing breathing difficulties.
• Acid reflux: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can cause acid to travel back up into the esophagus, irritating the airways and triggering asthma symptoms.
• Medications: Certain medications, including beta-blockers, aspirin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, can trigger asthma symptoms.
• Obesity: Being overweight or obese can increase the risk of developing asthma and can worsen symptoms.
• Occupational exposures: Certain jobs, such as those in farming or hairdressing, can expose individuals to substances that can trigger asthma symptoms.

The exact cause of asthma is not known, and in many cases, it is likely a combination of several factors.

Also, Check - Antibiotic Definition

Role of Antibodies E in Asthma

Antibodies (IgE) can play a role in some forms of asthma, particularly in cases of allergic asthma. Allergic asthma is triggered by allergens, such as pollen, pet dander, and dust mites, which cause an immune response and the production of IgE antibodies. These IgE antibodies bind to mast cells, leading to the release of proinflammatory mediators and the symptoms of allergic asthma.

Test For Detecting Asthma

There are several tests that can be used to diagnose asthma.

• Lung function tests: These tests measure how well the lungs are working, including spirometry, peak flow meters, and bronchoprovocation tests.
• Allergy testing: Skin prick tests or blood tests can help determine if allergies are contributing to asthma symptoms.
• Imaging tests: Chest X-rays or CT scans can help rule out other conditions and assess the extent of any airway damage.
• Reversibility test: A bronchodilator medication is given, and lung function is re-measured to see if it has improved, which can indicate the presence of asthma.
• Methacholine challenge test: This test assesses airway responsiveness to a substance that can cause narrowing of the airways.

Working closely with a healthcare provider is crucial in determining the appropriate tests for an individual and in effectively diagnosing and treating asthma.

Types Of Asthma

There are many types of asthma. Some are mentioned here:

• Allergic asthma: It is caused by an allergic reaction. It develops an allergy when the immune system overreacts to the presence of a substance called an allergen.It triggers the immune system. Allergens inducing asthma may include Pollens, Dust mites etc.
• Nonallergic asthma: It is also known as Non- Atopic Asthma.It is not related to allergy like pollen or dust.It often develops later in life and can be more severe.
• Seasonal asthma: A form of allergic asthma known as seasonal asthma occurs when seasonal allergies cause symptoms to manifest.
• Adult-onset Asthma: Often Asthma starts in childhood but some people are diagnosed with asthma when they are adults. It can be caused by smoking,obesity,female hormones and stressful life.
• Occupational Asthma: It is caused directly by the work you do.For example, if a person does cleaning work they might get allergic to dust.Dust can be the possible trigger for asthma symptoms.
• Severe asthma: Even with high doses of medication, symptoms of severe asthma are more difficult to manage. It is the most severe and potentially fatal form of asthma.

Asthma Treatment

The treatment of asthma varies from person to person and depends on the severity and frequency of symptoms. The main goals of treatment are to control symptoms, prevent attacks, and improve quality of life.

Common treatments for asthma include:

• Medications: Inhaled bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and combination medications are used to relax the airways and reduce inflammation.
• Lifestyle changes: Avoiding triggers such as tobacco smoke, pets, and environmental allergens can help control asthma. Regular physical activity and maintaining a healthy diet can also improve symptoms.
• Allergy management: Identifying and avoiding allergens can help reduce symptoms and prevent attacks. Allergy shots (immunotherapy) can also be used to desensitize a person to allergens.
• Action plan: Working with a healthcare provider to develop a written asthma action plan can help individuals effectively manage their symptoms and respond to worsening symptoms.

Asthma-Related FAQs

Q1. How to avoid asthma?

Ans. Identify and avoid triggers such as dust, pet dander, and smoke that may cause asthma symptoms.Limit outdoor activities when air pollution levels are high.

Q2. Does steam help asthma?

Ans. Steam can provide temporary relief for some people with asthma symptoms, but it's not a cure. Inhaling steam can help moisturize the airways, which can make breathing easier and reduce coughing.

Q3. What is the best treatment for asthma?

Ans. According to most doctors, an inhaler is the best treatment for asthma.

Q4. What foods increase asthma?

Ans.

• Eggs.
• Cow’s milk.
• Peanuts.
• Soy.
• Wheat.
• Fish.

Q5. What test confirms asthma?

Ans. Spirometry is the test that confirms asthma.