TYPES OF CROPS

Improvement of food resources of Class 9

TYPES OF CROPS

The crops are classified on the basis of commerce or climate as follows:

COMMERCIAL CLASSIFICATION:

It is based on the trade and commerce of agricultural produce.

Food crops:

They include rice, wheat, maize pulses, oil seeds, vegetables, etc.

The cereals such as wheat, rice, maize, barley, etc provide us carbohydrates which give us energy.
Pulses such as gram, pea, black gram (urad), green gram (moong), etc give us protein.
Oil seeds such as soyabean, ground nut, castor, seasame, etc, give us fat.
Vegetables, fruits and spices give us a range of vitamins and minerals.

Fodder crops:

These include oats, sorghum, etc, which are raised as food for the livestock.

Cash crops:

These include cotton, sugarcane, sugar beet, tobacco, etc.

Table: Classification of crop plants

Type of crop plant	Examples	Importance
1. Cereals	Wheat, Rice, Maize, MinorMillets, Sorghum	Rich in carbohydrates for energyRequirements.
2. Pulses	Gram(Chana), Pea (Matar)Black Gram (Moong), PigeonPea (Arhar), Lentil (Masoor)Etc.	Rice in proteins that are body Builders.
3. Oil seed crops	Soybean, GroundnutSunflower, Niger, Sesame,Castor, Mustard, Linseed.	Rice in oils and fatty acid
4. Root crops	Turnip, Carrot, Turmeric, SweetPotato & Ginger	It is utitized as the vegetables & medicines
5. Sugar crops	Sugarcane And Beet	Important for wine industry.
6. Fibre crops	Jute & Cotton	Important for jute & cotton industry.
7. Plantation crops	Tea, Coffee, Coconut AndRubber	Increases case and also called as Case crops.
8. Fodder crops	Berseem, Maize, Sorghum AndElephant Grass.	Provide fodder for animals
9. Horiculture crops (Fruits and vegetables)	Apple, Banana, Guava,Pomegranate, Pears, Chilies,Coriander, Jeera, Carrot, Raddish, Cabbage, Caulifiower, Spinach, Cucurbit.	Provide vitamins, minerals along withSmall three quantities of Carbohydrates, proteins and oils.

CLIMATIC CLASSIFICATION:

Crops are also classified on the basis of climatic requirements like specific temperature, humidity, photoperiods, etc. Different crops require different climatic conditions. Some grow in winters and others in summers. Duration of light period during the day time affects several processes like photosynthesis, growth and morphogenesis.

On the basis of seasonal variations, the crops of India can be classified as :

Rabi: It is winter crop grown from November to April. Examples are wheat, gram, peas, etc. Vegetables of Rabi crops are cabbage, cauliflower, carrot, radish, turnip, beans, etc. Fruits of Rabi crops are apple, pomegranate, orange, etc.

wheatjuly242006

Wheat crop

Kharif: It is a rainy season crop grown from June to October. Paddy, soyabean, maize, cotton, etc. Vegetables of Kharif crops are spinach, gourd, garlic, lady finger, pumpkin and brinjal. Fruits of Kharif crops are watermelon, mango, litchi, plum, peach, etc.

paddyfieldhm6

Paddy crop

Zaid : It is a summer season crop grown from April to June. Cucumbers, melons, etc are zaid crops.

Kharif crop/ Rainy season crop	Rabi crop/ Winter season drop
Are grown during monsoon/rainy season	Are grown during winter season
They require warm and wet weather	They require cold and dry weather
They are sown in June/ July and harvested in September /October	(They are sown in October/November and harvested in March/April
E.g. – Rice. Jowar, Bajra, Cotton, Pea,Groundnut, Urad, Moong etc.	E.g. – Wheat, Barley, Gram, Mustard, Potato etc.

TYPES OF CROPS

TYPES OF CROPS

Improvement of food resources of Class 9

TYPES OF CROPS

Food crops:

Fodder crops:

Cash crops:

CLIMATIC CLASSIFICATION:

Related Topics

Talk to Our counsellor