Major Cropping Regions
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Major Cropping Regions
Agriculture of Class 10
In a vast country like India various agricultural regions grow different crops depending upon types of soil, climate and agricultural practice.
Major crops grown in India are rice, wheat, millets, pulses, tea, coffee, sugarcane, oil seeds, cotton and jute, etc.
RICE:
It is the staple food crop of a majority of the people in India. Our country is the second largest producer of rice in the world after China. It is a kharif crop which requires high temperature, (above 25°C) and high humidity with annual rainfall above 100 cm. In the areas of less rainfall, it grows with the help of irrigation. Rice is grown in the plains of north and north-eastern India, coastal areas and the deltaic regions.
Rice Cultivation
Development of dense network of canal irrigation and tubewells have made it possible to grow rice in areas of less rainfall such as Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh and parts of Rajasthan.
WHEAT: Importance
- Second most important food crop,
- Second largest producer of wheat.
- Grown on about 1/6th of the cropped area.
Climatic Conditions:
- Is a Rabi crop.
- Ideal temperature at the time of sowing is 10°-15° C, at harvesting 20°-25° C.
- Rainfall required is 50-75 cm annually.
- Requires well drained fertile soil.
Production areas:Two important wheat-growing zones: the Ganga-Satluj plains and black soil region of the Deccan.
Major producing states: Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Bihar.
Millets: Are known as coarse grain, have a very high nutritional value.
Jowar:
- Third most important food crop.
- Monthly temperature required 18°-32° C, rainfall 30-60 cm.
- Major producing states are Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Madhya Pradesh.
Bajra:
- Crop of dry and warm climate.
- Producing states are Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Haryana.
Bajra Cultivation
Ragi:
- A rain fed kharif crop.
- Requires well drained alluvial loams, red or black sandy loam.
- Grown in drier parts of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.
Rabi crop
Maize: It is a crop which is used both as food and fodder. It is a kharif crop which requires temperature between 21°C to 27°C and grows well in old alluvial soil. In some states like Bihar maize is grown in rabi season also. Use of modern inputs such as HYV seeds, fertilisers and irrigation have contributed to the increasing production of maize. Major maize-producing states are Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.
Maize
Pulses: India is the largest producer as well as the consumer of pulses in the world. These are the major source of protein in a vegetarian diet. Arhar, urad, moong, masur, chana and peas are major pulses of India. Pulses help in restoring soil fertility. That is why they are produce in rotation with other crops. UP, MP, Rajasthan and Karnataka are major pulse producing states in India.
