Agriculture Notes for UPSC Exam 2023

Feb 08, 2023, 16:45 IST

In this section, we will discuss the current situation of agriculture in India. We will take a look at the role of ICAR and will also discuss the potential for further growth in the sector. By the end, aspirants will have a better understanding of the current state of agriculture in India and the steps that need to be taken to ensure a bright future for this vital sector.

Introduction

Indian farms range from small family-owned plots to large plantations. A variety of crops and extensive irrigation systems characterizes agriculture in India. Indian farmers have long been known for their ability to cultivate many kinds of grains and vegetables, as well as herbs and spices.

Over the years, Indian agriculture has seen several advancements in technology, including the introduction of high-yielding varieties of seeds, mechanized farming, and the use of modern chemicals and fertilizers.

Role of ICAR in Indian Agriculture

• The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) is a premier advisory body of the Government of India and the apex body in the hierarchy of agricultural education and research in India. It was established on 16 July 1929 as the Imperial Council of agricultural research.
• ICAR plays a pivotal role in India’s agricultural advancement through its research, education and extension activities. It is involved in the production of superior-quality seeds and other inputs, such as fertilizers, pesticides, machines and livestock. Besides, it produces and distributes technologies related to renewable energy, food, Water and nutritional security.
• The ICAR also manages various other research programmes, such as horticultural research, soil fertility, agricultural mechanisation and pest management, aimed at improving the productivity and profitability of Indian agriculture. It also assists farmers with access to improved technologies, efficient use of resources and technical support services.
• The ICAR is also involved in various international programmes, such as the Consultative Group for International Agriculture Research (CGIAR), sponsored by the World Bank and the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

Future of Agriculture in India

1. Investment in Technology

The future of Indian agriculture lies in investment in technology. This includes utilizing advances in biotechnology, precision farming, and data analytics to improve crop yields and reduce costs. The government is investing in research and development to develop new technologies, such as drones, robotic harvesters, and AI-driven systems, to improve the efficiency of agricultural production.

2. Sustainable and Organic Farming

There is an increasing awareness of the need for sustainable and organic farming practices in India. This is due to the fact that soil fertility and water resources are being depleted due to intensive farming methods. To address this issue, the government is promoting sustainable and organic farming practices, as well as encouraging farmers to adopt natural farming techniques.

3. Climate-Resilient Crops

As India experiences more frequent and severe droughts and floods due to climate change, developing climate-resilient crops like millets is essential. The government provides financial and technical support to farmers to help them transition to climate-resilient, drought- and flood-tolerant crops.

4. Livestock Production

To meet the increasing demand for animal protein, the government is encouraging farmers to adopt livestock production. This includes providing financial support for the development of livestock infrastructure and offering training to farmers on modern animal husbandry techniques.

5. Improved Market Linkages

Improved market linkages can help promote greater efficiency in the management of distribution, creating stronger opportunities for farmers to monetize their harvests. Through market linkages, farmers are linked to logistics, supply lines, and the digital world and are enabled to access real-time information about trading prices and market fluctuations. Improved market linkages can help reduce the gap between farm gate prices and final retail prices by reducing the share of intermediaries who buy from farmers and sell to retailers. Improved market linkages have introduced farmers to newer, innovative methods of marketing and distribution channels, which has enabled them to increase profitability.

Conclusion

The agricultural industry in India has a long history and continues to be a source of livelihood for many. The government has implemented various initiatives to modernize the sector, such as increased investment in research and development and the introduction of digital technologies. It is essential that India continues to invest in the sector to ensure food security and improve the lives of its people.