Five Kingdoms of Living World
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Five Kingdoms of Living World
Classification of Animals Non Chordates of Class 11
Kingdom I – Monera
It includes all prokaryotes.
They are microscopic, unicellular.
Motile or non-motile.
The genetic material is circular, double-stranded helical DNA not enclosed by nuclear envelope.
Ribosomes and simple chromatophores are the only subcellular organelles.
Membrane bound organelles – absent.
Nutrition – Autotrophic (photosynthetic, chemosynthetic), saprophytic, parasitic or symbiotic or symbiotic.
Reproduction – Primarily ssexual.
Examples – Mycoplasmas, Bacteria, Blue-green algae (cyanobacteria).
Kingdom II – Protista
They are unicellular eukaryotic.
Motile or non-motile.
The genetic material is the linear, double-stranded helical DNA complexed with proteins enclosed by nuclear envelope, organised into distinct chromosome.
Membrane bound organelles – present.
Nutrition – may be photosynthetic, holozoic, saprophytic and parasitic. Some have mixotrophic nutrition.
Reproduction – may be asexual and sexual.
Examples – Protistan algae (Dinoflagellates, diatoms) slime moulds and protozoans.
Kingdom III – Fungi
They are predominantly multicellular eukaryotes.
Chlorophyll absent. (Yeasts have a single-celled body).
They have a double envelope cellular organisation.
Non-motile.
Nutrition – Saprophytic and absorptive or parasitic.
Reproduction – Both asexual and sexual.
Examples – Yeasts, moulds, mushrooms, rusts etc.
Kingdom IV – Plantae
They are multicellular eukaryotes.
Chlorophyll present.
Non-motile.
Nutrition – Typically autotrophic (oxygenetic photosynthetic) some are insectivorous (Drocera, Nepenthes).
Reproduction – May be asexual or sexual or both.
Examples – Green, brown and red algae, liverworts, mosses, ferns and seed plants with or without flames.
Kingdom V – Animalia
They are multicellular eukaryotes.
Chlorophyll absent.
Motile.
Nutrition – Typically holozoic or parasitic.
Reproduction – Generally sexual. Lower forms have asexual reproduction.
Examples – Sponges, cnidarians, worms, insects, frogs, lizards, starfish, snakes, birds and mammals.
