Internal Energy, U
Thermodynamics of Class 11
Every substance is associated with a definite amount of energy which depends upon its chemical nature as well as upon its temperature, pressure and volume. This energy is known as internal energy. Internal energy of the system is the energy possessed by all its constituent molecules.
Internal energy is a state property i.e. its value depends only upon the state of the substance but does not depend upon how that state is achieved. The absolute value of internal energy of a substance can not be determined. However determining the absolute values of internal energies is neither necessary nor required. It is the change in internal energy accompanying a chemical or a physical process that is of interest and this is a measurable quantity.
The first law of thermodynamics
The first law of thermodynamics states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, although it can be transformed from one form to another. This is also known as the law of conservation of energy.
- Introduction
- Some Basic Terms
- Isochoric Process
- Internal Energy, U
- Mathematical Expression Of First Law
- Enthalpy Of A System
- Second Law Of Thermodynamics
- Gibbs Free Energy
- Relationship Between Free Energy And Equilibrium Constant
- Third Law Of Thermodynamics
- Thermochemistry
- Hess's Law
- Lattice Energy Of An Ionic Crystal (Born–Haber Cycle)
- Bomb Calorimeter
- Heat Capacity And Specific Heat
- Variation Of Heat Of Reaction With Temperature
- Exercise 1
- Exercise 2
