Oxidation of Aldehyde and Ketones
Aug 26, 2022, 16:45 IST
Oxidation
1. Oxidation by mild oxidizing agents: They oxidize aldehydes to carboxylic acids. They can’t oxidize ketones.
(i) Fehling’s solution: It is an alkaline solution of cupric ion complexed with sodium potassium tartrate ions.
(ii) Benedict’s solution: It is an alkaline solution of cupric ion complexed with sodium potassium citrate ions and the reaction is same as above.
[Note: Above two reagents oxidize only aliphatic aldehydes.]
(iii) Tollen’s reagent: It is an ammonical silver nitrate solution. It oxidizes only aliphatic aromatic aldehydes.
R – CHO + Ag+ → RCOOH + Ag(silver mirror)
[Note: This reagent does not oxidize carbon – carbon multiple bonds.]
2. Oxidation by strong oxidising agents: The below mentioned oxidizing agents can oxidize both aldehydes and ketones to carboxylic acids. The reagents are,
(i) KMnO4/OH−
(ii) KMnO4 / H+/Δ
(iii) K2Cr2O7/H+/Δ
(iv) conc. HNO3/Δ
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